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We have mounted VHF antennas both at the top of the mast and on the aft rail. As Joe said, top of the mast will give you a bit more distance, but and this is a big BUT, the type of antenna is also a factor. The typical short SS whip used at the mast head radiates a different shape of signal than the large fiberglass whip. Rather than go into all this here, I suggest going to the West Marine website and check out the explination in their on-line catalog. It does a great job.
Another thing to consider is that if you were to have a rig failure, your VHF would not be operable to call for help if you had a masthead antenna. They make small emergency VHF antennas though.
Our current Catalina came with a mastehead mounted antenna, I have not changed it. An emergency VHF antenna is on the list for our spring outfitting.
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